The irony is, they could (read: should) have dumped the entire "Colonial Marines" aspect (or maybe portray the first "bug hunt" of said establishment ever) and place the game on LV-223 instead of LV-226, because Prometheus is practically asking for a game sequel: the Weyland expedition disappears, leaving only a vaguely threatening radio message behind, but someone (Yutani?) connects the dots and sends a heavily armed rescue/salvage party, but as we saw, a (sort of) Alien queen is now alive and running on the base that remained completely intact (plus there are maybe even more bases on the planet). Also, we don't even know if it was the only dangerous thing there: there were the worms which the black goo supposedly mutated into "handhuggers" (but not knowing whether they would have grown into something dangerous anyway, remembering the goo remained there, ready to infect anything that wanders into it), there was the cut scene of finding that small fish-like creature, and there was the very telling mucus covering the first control panel they operate (the greenish stuff that gratuitously sticks to David's glove like Chekov's Gun) that looks very much like what the familiar xenomorphs secrete all the time.
Cue the rescue party finding the ominously abandoned escape pod, then browsing the depressing mission logs etc. which hint of the fate of the expedition and of the wondrous alien tech in the pyramid, they greedily venture inside because of salvage rights and bonuses, but alas! some sort of security protocol finally activates and seemingly seals the pyramid, and manure finally hits the a/c unit as our cute twin-jawed friends finally make their entrance, and they move lighting fast, stalk in the shadows, and are nigh-invincible.
In the end, probably one (or few, if you really have to have a co-op campaign, which is not something survival horror should be about) survivor(s) make it out, with nothing of the Engineers' technology because the base (and all the bases on the planet) self-destruct. But by chance or MacGuffin, he/she/they remain blissfully unaware of the transmission coming from the next planet in the same system (LV-226 "Acheron"), unlike the newly merged Weyland-Yutani: Weyland in fact knew to look in the Zeta 2 Reticuli system because of that very transmission (website teasers pre-launch, DVD/BR extras), the two archeologists's findings were just icing on the cake and provided a convenient scapegoat should the expedition turn out to be a failure (remaining circumstantial evidence for this remains in the movie still: mission planning was well underway when the two were hired, why build the most expensive starship ever if there's no destination for it?).
Anyway, in the end sequence we learn that the survivors' tale about the lifeforms found on LV-223 is scary enough that Earth governments, fearing more such findings, agree on a strict orbital quarantine of Earth, allowing zero alien lifeforms of any kind or even remains thereof to be brought to Earth under any circumstances whatsoever. So, someone at Weyland-Yutani, being aware of the transmission from the neighbouring planet and having now learned from the survivors' tale how the aliens "hatch", realizes that this provides a chance to smuggle a sample in, and issues Special Order 937 to all company ships traveling in the vicinity, inserting android infiltrators wherever possible, including one hapless space tug towing an ore refinery...